基于VMD和BSA-KELM的高陡边坡位移预测模型研究

边坡位移的时间序列曲线存在复杂的非线性特性,传统的预测模型精度不足以满足预测要求。为此提出了基于变分模态分解的鸟群优化-核极限学习机的预测模型,并用于河北省某水泥厂的边坡位移预测。该方法首先采用VMD把边坡位移序列分解为一系列的有限带宽的子序列,再对各子序列分别采用相空间重构并用核极限学习机预测,采用鸟群算法优化相空间重构的嵌入维度和KELM中惩罚系数和核参数三个数值,以取得最优预测模型。最后将各个子序列预测值叠加,得到边坡位移的最终预测值。结果表明：和KELM、BSA-KELM、EEMD-BSA-KELM模型相比,基于VMD的BSA-KELM预测精度更高,为边坡位移的预测提供一种有效的方法。     

Metal-free catalyst fabrication by incorporating oxygen groups on the surface of the carbonaceous sample and efficient hydrogen production from NaBH4 methanolysis

In the present study, metal-free catalysts for efficient H₂ generation from NaBH₄ methanolysis was produced for the first time from apricot kernel shells with two-step activation. The first stage of the two-stage activation includes the production of activated carbon with the KOH agent (AKOH), and the second stage includes hydrothermally HNO₃ activation with oxygen doping (O doped AKOH + N). The hydrogen production rate (HGR) and the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction with the obtained metal-free catalyst (10 mg) were determined as 14,444 ml min^?1 g^?1 and 7.86 kJ mol^?1, respectively. The structural and physical-chemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), elemental CHNS analysis, FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and nitrogen adsorption analysis. Also, the reusability results of this metal-free catalyst for H₂ production are promising.     

Association of TaD14-4D,a Gene Involved in Strigolactone Signaling,with Yield Contributing Traits in Wheat

Tillering is a crucial agronomic trait of wheat; it determines yield and plant architecture. Strigolactones (SLs) have been reported to inhibit plant branching. D14, a receptor of SLs, has been described to affect tillering in rice, yet it has seldomly been studied in wheat. In this study, three TaD14 homoeologous genes, TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D, were identified. TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D were constitutively expressed, and TaD14-4D had a higher expression level in most tissues. TaD14 proteins were localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. An SNP and a 22 bp insertion/deletion (Indel) at the exon regions of TaD14-4D were detected, forming three haplotypes, namely 4D-HapI, 4D-HapII, and 4D-HapIII. Due to the frameshift mutation in the coding region of 4D-HapII, the interaction of 4D-HapII with TaMAX2 and TaD53 was blocked, which led to the blocking of SL signal transduction. Based on the two variation sites, two molecular markers, namely dCAPS-250 and Indel-747, were developed. Association analysis suggested that haplotypes of TaD14-4D were associated with effective tillering number (ETN) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) simultaneously in four environments. The favorable haplotype 4D-HapIII underwent positive selection in global wheat breeding. This study provides insights into understanding the function of natural variations of TaD14-4D and develops two useful molecular markers for wheat breeding.     

Explicit bounds for separation between Oseledets subspaces

We consider a two-sided sequence of bounded operators in a Banach space which are not necessarily injective and satisfy two properties (SVG) and (FI). The singular value gap (SVG) property says that two successive singular values of the cocycle at some index d admit a uniform exponential gap; the fast invertibility (FI) property says that the cocycle is uniformly invertible on the fastest d-dimensional direction. We prove the existence of a uniform equivariant splitting of the Banach space into a fast space of dimension d and a slow space of codimension d. We compute an explicit constant lower bound on the angle between these two spaces using solely the constants defining the properties (SVG) and (FI). We extend the results obtained by Bochi and Gourmelon in the finite-dimensional case for bijective operators and the results obtained by Blumenthal and Morris in the infinite dimensional case for injective norm-continuous cocycles, in the direction that the operators are not required to be globally injective, that no dynamical system is involved and no compactness of the underlying system or smoothness of the cocycle is required. Moreover we give quantitative estimates of the angle between the fast and slow spaces that are new even in the case of finite-dimensional bijective operators in Hilbert spaces.     

PSO优化多核RVM的模拟电路故障预测

针对模拟电路健康管理的特点，提出了一种基于PSO优化多核RVM的模拟电路故障预测方法。利用参数分析得到电路的输出频域响应作为特征，计算其与电路无故障标准响应的欧氏距离来表征电路元件健康值，将多个核函数线性组合，并用PSO优化多核RVM参数后的模型实现对各个时间点元件的健康值变化轨迹进行预测。仿真结果表明，该方法在小样本情况下，预测效果优于单一核函数的RVM模型，适用于健康管理中实时预测，具有较好的实用性。     

船体结构冰载荷反演方法及试验验证

冰载荷是影响船舶冰区航行期间结构安全的重要环境载荷。船舶的冰压监测通常采用应变传感器，合理地布放传感器是识别冰载荷的基础。通过对比船体外板结构试验中的冲击载荷和不同测试方案下的应变信号，确定了最佳应变传感器布放方案；采用Green核函数方法建立了船体外板结构应变冲击载荷间的响应关系，并对采集信号在噪声影响下反演的不适定性进行了分析；采用Tikhonov正则化方法克服了载荷反演过程中出现的数值不稳定问题；最后将试验中的响应用到载荷识别分析中，反演的载荷可以较为准确地反映冲击载荷的时域特征并且载荷识别精度良好。     

Spatial filtering velocimeter using frequency shifting by the method of rotating kernel

A new approach of frequency shifting by rotating kernel is proposed to improve the performance of a spatial filtering velocimeter, used to provide accurate velocity information for a vehicle self-contained navigation system. A linear CMOS image sensor was employed both as a spatiotemporal differential spatial filter and as a photodetector. The filtering operation was fully performed in FPGA and is realized by applying a rotating kernel to the pixel values of the image. Theoretical analysis showed this method could double the maximum measurable velocity. The power spectrum of the output signal was obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT), and was corrected by a frequency spectrum correction algorithm, named energy centrobaric correction. This velocimeter was used to measure the moving velocities of a conveyor belt. Experimental results verified the method’s ability of reducing the output signal frequency and standard uncertainty of velocity measurement. What is more, the undesired output introduced by frequency shifting to the power spectrum of the output signal was deeply investigated and a new method was proposed to eliminate the undesired component in output signals. This velocimeter aims at providing accurate velocity information for vehicle autonomous navigation system.     

Nonlinear adaptive filtering using kernel‐based algorithms with dictionary adaptation

Nonlinear adaptive filtering has been extensively studied in the literature, using, for example, Volterra filters or neural networks. Recently, kernel methods have been offering an interesting alternative because they provide a simple extension of linear algorithms to the nonlinear case. The main drawback of online system identification with kernel methods is that the filter complexity increases with time, a limitation resulting from the representer theorem, which states that all past input vectors are required. To overcome this drawback, a particular subset of these input vectors (called dictionary) must be selected to ensure complexity control and good performance. Up to now, all authors considered that, after being introduced into the dictionary, elements stay unchanged even if, because of nonstationarity, they become useless to predict the system output. The objective of this paper is to present an adaptation scheme of dictionary elements, which are considered here as adjustable model parameters, by deriving a gradient‐based method under collinearity constraints. The main interest is to ensure a better tracking performance. To evaluate our approach, dictionary adaptation is introduced into three well‐known kernel‐based adaptive algorithms: kernel recursive least squares, kernel normalized least mean squares, and kernel affine projection. The performance is evaluated on nonlinear adaptive filtering of simulated and real data sets. As confirmed by experiments, our dictionary adaptation scheme allows either complexity reduction or a decrease of the instantaneous quadratic error, or both simultaneously. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Output feedback controller for polytopic systems exploiting the direct searching of the design space

This paper deals with the problem of designing a robust static output feedback controller for polytopic systems. The current research that tackled this problem is mainly based on LMI method, which is conservative by nature. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed, which considers the design space of the controller parameters and iteratively partitions the space to small simplexes. Then, by assessing the stability in each simplex, the solution space for design parameters is directly determined. It has been theoretically proved that, if there exists a feasible solution in the design space, the algorithm can find it. To validate the result of the proposed approach, comparative simulation examples are given to illustrate the performance of the design methodology as compared to those of previous approaches.